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<p>List of Figures xi</p> <p>List of Tables xiv</p> <p>Series Editors’ Preface xvii</p> <p>Preface and Acknowledgements xviii</p> <p>List of Abbreviations xxiii</p> <p><b>1 Introduction: Growth, Inequality and the Territorial Division of Labour 1</b></p> <p>Areal differentiation and development models 1</p> <p>After the Three Italies 8</p> <p>A new economic geography of uneven development 12</p> <p>The structure of the book 15</p> <p><b>2 Convergence, Divergence, Regional Economic Performance and the New Economic Geographies 17</b></p> <p>Analyzing regional economic performance 17</p> <p>Convergence or divergence 20</p> <p>Territorial divisions of labour 26</p> <p>Conclusions 39</p> <p><b>3 Theorizing Regional Economic Performance and the Changing Territorial Division of Labour: Value Chains, Industrial Networks, Competition and Governance 41</b></p> <p>Introduction 41</p> <p>Basic and nonbasic industries 42</p> <p>Explaining the dynamics of activities serving wider markets 43</p> <p>Enterprises and their environment: establishing the frontiers/boundaries of the firm 50</p> <p>Enterprises and their environment: interfirm relations 52</p> <p>Modes of governance and growth 58</p> <p>Conclusions 61</p> <p><b>4 Growth and Inequality: The Political Economy of Italian Development 64</b></p> <p>Introduction 64</p> <p>Italy’s economy in its European and Mediterranean context 65</p> <p>Official statistics, unrecorded activities and the measurement of output 70</p> <p>GDP, net transfers and regional income 76</p> <p>Territorial inequality in Italy at the turn of the millennium 80</p> <p>Catching up, falling behind, surging ahead and losing ground: trends in Italian regional development 87</p> <p>Conclusions 90</p> <p><b>5 Institutional Dynamics and Regional Performance 92</b></p> <p>Introduction 92</p> <p>The institutional configuration and the characteristics of Italian capitalism 93</p> <p>Institutional context and territorial development dynamics 97</p> <p>Crime and territorial development 102</p> <p>Changes in the 1990s: the political scene 104</p> <p>Changes in the 1990s: the system of governance 107</p> <p>Changes in the 1990s: debt reduction and privatization 111</p> <p>Changes in the 1990s: territorial development policies 113</p> <p>Concluding remarks: the implications of recent trends 124</p> <p><b>6 Italian Regional Evolutions 128</b></p> <p>Introduction 128</p> <p>Italian regional evolutions 130</p> <p>Comparative regional development 140</p> <p>Comparative provincial development 147</p> <p>Employment, productivity and investment 149</p> <p>Economic specialization, exports and international integration 155</p> <p>After the Three Italies: the origins and limits of the district model 159</p> <p>Conclusions 169</p> <p><b>7 Industrial Change and Regional Development: The Changing Sectoral Profile of Regional Development and the Evolving Regional Profile of Industrial Change 170</b></p> <p>Introduction 170</p> <p>The sectoral profile of regional economies 170</p> <p>Sectoral structures and uneven development 173</p> <p>The changing geography of vehicle manufacturing in Italy and the world 187</p> <p>The changing geography of chemical manufacturing in Italy and the world 200</p> <p>Conclusions 207</p> <p><b>8 Globalization, Industrial Restructuring and the Italian Motor Vehicle Industry 209</b></p> <p>Introduction 209</p> <p>The FIAT Group: changing functions in the value chain and changing chains 210</p> <p>Globalization and market-seeking investments 216</p> <p>FIAT in Italy: technological and organizational upgrading and geographies of production 225</p> <p>Outsourcing, redefining corporate boundaries and restructuring the supply chain 230</p> <p>Crisis, markets and models 236</p> <p>Conclusions 242</p> <p>Afterword 243</p> <p><b>9 Reconfiguring Industrial Activities and Places: The Italian Chemical Industry 244</b></p> <p>Introduction 244</p> <p>The Italian chemical industry and its changing position in the wider European and world context 245</p> <p>History and characteristics of the Italian chemical industry 252</p> <p>Trajectories of restructuring 255</p> <p>The role of SMEs 262</p> <p>Another aspect of the new international division of labour: foreign companies in Italy 264</p> <p>Experiences and regional impacts of restructuring: the disengagement of the chemical industry in Puglia 266</p> <p>From growth pole to industrial cemetery: the disengagement of the chemical industry from Basilicata 271</p> <p>Conclusions 280</p> <p><b>10 Conclusions and Further Remarks 282</b></p> <p>Introduction 282</p> <p>Geography as a spatial expression of a social order 282</p> <p>Geography and development models 283</p> <p>Contemporary perspectives on industrial change and regional economic performance 284</p> <p>Theorizing industrial change and regional inequality: profit strategies and value chain upgrading 286</p> <p>Areal differentiation and uneven development in Italy: from the north–south divide to the Three Italies and after 288</p> <p>Economic decline and the limits of the district model 290</p> <p>Industrial and regional performance 293</p> <p>Conclusions: inequalities, territorial divisions of labour and profit strategies 294</p> <p>References 296</p> <p>Notes 312</p> <p>Appendices 318</p> <p>Subject Index 335</p> <p>Author Index 343</p>

<p>"In their analytically original study, Dunford and Greco show that Italy today is divided predominantly into two regions (north and south) and that the development path of each region must necessarily be understood in relation to that of the other. These findings have major significance for political-economic geography well beyond the Italian case."<br />--<b>John Agnew, University of California, Los Angeles</b></p> <p>"A welcome and detailed dissection of the changing geography of economic growth and decline in Italy, that demonstrates the importance and theoretical value of understanding the dynamic micro-foundations of regional economic change."<br />--<b>Professor Peter Sunley, School of Geography, University of Southampton</b></p> <p>"The book is, in sum a good example of theoretically informed empirical research in economic geography, which is aware of and inspired by but also not unconditionally adhering to the dominant theories and approaches in the discipline ... The book by Dunford & Greco is one of these attempts aiming to bring together empirical analysis of regional economies and the social critique of global capitalism. The authors have accomplished this difficult task in a brilliant way and for this reason their book is ultimately recommended reading not only to those interested in issues of regional development in Southern Europe but more generally to all practitioners of economic geography and related disciplines."<br />--<b><i>Royal Dutch Geographical Society</i></b></p>

<b>Michael Dunford</b> is Professor of Economic Geography at the University of Sussex. In 2000 he was elected member of the Academy of Learned Societies for the Social Sciences (AcSS). In 1996-2002 he was Editor of Regional Studies. In 2003 he received the Royal Geographical Society Edward Heath Award for geographical research in Europe. He has held Visiting Professorships at the universities of Pavia, Toulouse, Paris I: Panthéon-Sorbonne, Campinas in Brazil, Oslo and Sciences-Po in Paris. His previous publications include <i>Cities and Regions in the New Europe</i> (1992) and <i>Successful European Regions: Northern Ireland Learning from Others</i> (1996).<br /> <p><b>Lidia Greco</b> is Lecturer in the Sociology of Economics and Labour Processes at the University of Bari, Italy. She previously worked at Trinity College, Dublin, where she carried out two EU-funded research projects. As a consultant, Lidia has worked for the University of Durham and the Sussex European Institute, and more recently for the European Union. She is the author of <i>Industrial Redundancies: A Comparative Analysis of the Chemical and Clothing Industries in the UK and Italy</i> (2002) and co-author of <i>Building the European Research Area: European Socio-Economic Research in Practice</i> (forthcoming).</p>

<i>After the Three Italies</i> provides a novel synthesis of the literature on convergence and the new economic geography, and develops a new political economy approach to the analysis of the territorial division of labour. New theoretical and methodological approaches are exemplified through an up-to-date account of Italy‘s economic performance and of its recent development relative to other European countries and the rest of the world. <br /> <p>Grounded also in the animated recent discussion of Italian development, and drawing on the results of recent ESRC-funded research, as well as on a large range of official data sets, the authors provide a new and more complex picture of Italian industrial change and regional economic performance.</p>

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